MySQL校对规则(COLLATION)的具体使用

mysql> SHOW COLLATION like 'utf8%';
+--------------------------+---------+-----+---------+----------+---------+
| Collation                | Charset | Id  | Default | Compiled | Sortlen |
+--------------------------+---------+-----+---------+----------+---------+
| utf8_general_ci          | utf8    |  33 | Yes     | Yes      |       1 |
| utf8_bin                 | utf8    |  83 |         | Yes      |       1 |
| utf8_unicode_ci          | utf8    | 192 |         | Yes      |       8 |
...
| utf8mb4_general_ci       | utf8mb4 |  45 | Yes     | Yes      |       1 |
| utf8mb4_bin              | utf8mb4 |  46 |         | Yes      |       1 |
| utf8mb4_unicode_ci       | utf8mb4 | 224 |         | Yes      |       8 |
| utf8mb4_icelandic_ci     | utf8mb4 | 225 |         | Yes      |       8 |

mysql> show global variables like '%coll%';
+----------------------+--------------------+
| Variable_name        | Value              |
+----------------------+--------------------+
| collation_connection | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
| collation_database   | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
| collation_server     | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+--------------------+

# 修改数据库:  
ALTER DATABASE database_name CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_bin;  
# 修改表:  
ALTER TABLE table_name CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_bin;  
# 修改表字段:  
ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE column_name column_name VARCHAR(191) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_bin NOT NULL ; 

CREATE TABLE `T` (
  `name` varchar(20) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci