MySQL数据库优化经验详谈(服务器普通配置)第3/3页
代码:
# Example MySQL config file for medium systems. # # This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays # an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with # other programs (such as a web server) # # You can copy this file to # /etc/my.cnf to set global options, # mysql-data-dir/my.cnf to set server-specific options (in this # installation this directory is /var/lib/mysql) or # ~/.my.cnf to set user-specific options. # # In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports. # If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program # with the "--help" option. # The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients [client] #password = your_password port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock #socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # Here follows entries for some specific programs # The MySQL server [mysqld] port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock #socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock skip-locking key_buffer = 128M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_cache = 256 sort_buffer_size = 1M net_buffer_length = 16K myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M max_connections=120 #addnew config wait_timeout =120 back_log=100 read_buffer_size = 1M thread_cache=32 skip-innodb skip-bdb skip-name-resolve join_buffer_size=512k query_cache_size = 32M interactive_timeout=120 long_query_time=10 log_slow_queries= /usr/local/mysql4/logs/slow_query.log query_cache_type= 1 # Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency thread_concurrency = 4 #end new config # Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement, # if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host. # All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes. # Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows # (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless! # #skip-networking # Replication Master Server (default) # binary logging is required for replication #log-bin # required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1 # defaults to 1 if master-host is not set # but will not function as a master if omitted server-id = 1 # Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this) # # To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between # two methods : # # 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) - # the syntax is: # # CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=, MASTER_PORT=, # MASTER_USER=, MASTER_PASSWORD= ; # # where you replace , , by quoted strings and # by the master's port number (3306 by default). # # Example: # # CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306, # MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret'; # # OR # # 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then # start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example # if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to # connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later # change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and # overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown # the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server. # For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched # (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above) # # required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1 # (and different from the master) # defaults to 2 if master-host is set # but will not function as a slave if omitted #server-id = 2 # # The replication master for this slave - required #master-host = # # The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting # to the master - required #master-user = # # The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to # the master - required #master-password = # # The port the master is listening on. # optional - defaults to 3306 #master-port = # # binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended #log-bin # Point the following paths to different dedicated disks #tmpdir = /tmp/ #log-update = /path-to-dedicated-directory/hostname # Uncomment the following if you are using BDB tables #bdb_cache_size = 4M #bdb_max_lock = 10000 # Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables #innodb_data_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql/ #innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend #innodb_log_group_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql/ #innodb_log_arch_dir = /var/lib/mysql/ # You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 % # of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high #innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M # Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size #innodb_log_file_size = 5M #innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL #safe-updates [isamchk] key_buffer = 20M sort_buffer_size = 20M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [myisamchk] key_buffer = 20M sort_buffer_size = 20M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout |
补充：
优化table_cachetable_cache指定表高速缓存的大小。每当MySQL访问一个表时，如果在表缓冲区中还有空间，该表就被打开并放入其中，这样可以更快地访问表内容。通过检查峰值时间的状态值Open_tables和Opened_tables，可以决定是否需要增加 table_cache的值。如果你发现open_tables等于table_cache，并且opened_tables在不断增长，那么你就需要增加table_cache的值了（上述状态值可以使用SHOW STATUS LIKE ‘Open%tables'获得）。注意，不能盲目地把table_cache设置成很大的值。如果设置得太高，可能会造成文件描述符不足，从而造成性能不稳定或者连接失败。对于有1G内存的机器，推荐值是128－256。
案例1：该案例来自一个不是特别繁忙的服务器
table_cache – 512
open_tables – 103
opened_tables – 1273
uptime – 4021421 (measured in seconds)
该案例中table_cache似乎设置得太高了。在峰值时间，打开表的数目比table_cache要少得多。
案例2：该案例来自一台开发服务器。
table_cache – 64
open_tables – 64
opened-tables – 431
uptime – 1662790 (measured in seconds)
虽然open_tables已经等于table_cache，但是相对于服务器运行时间来说，opened_tables的值也非常低。因此，增加table_cache的值应该用处不大。
案例3：该案例来自一个upderperforming的服务器
table_cache – 64
open_tables – 64
opened_tables – 22423
uptime – 19538
该案例中table_cache设置得太低了。虽然运行时间不到6小时，open_tables达到了最大值，opened_tables的值也非常高。这样就需要增加table_cache的值。优化key_buffer_sizekey_buffer_size指定索引缓冲区的大小，它决定索引处理的速度，尤其是索引读的速度。通过检查状态值Key_read_requests和Key_reads，可以知道key_buffer_size 设置是否合理。比例key_reads / key_read_requests应该尽可能的低，至少是1:100，1:1000更好（上述状态值可以使用SHOW STATUS LIKE ‘key_read%'获得）。key_buffer_size只对MyISAM表起作用。即使你不使用MyISAM表，但是内部的临时磁盘表是 MyISAM表，也要使用该值。可以使用检查状态值created_tmp_disk_tables得知详情。对于1G内存的机器，如果不使用 MyISAM表，推荐值是16M（8-64M）。
案例1：健康状况
key_buffer_size – 402649088 (384M)
key_read_requests – 597579931
key_reads - 56188
案例2：警报状态
key_buffer_size – 16777216 (16M)
key_read_requests – 597579931
key_reads - 53832731
案例1中比例低于1:10000，是健康的情况；案例2中比例达到1:11，警报已经拉响。
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