MySQL中NULL和空值的区别及说明

mysql>  select length(NULL), length(''), length('1');
+--------------+------------+-------------+
| length(NULL) | length('') | length('1') |
+--------------+------------+-------------+
| NULL         |          0 |           1 |
+--------------+------------+-------------+
1 row in set

CREATE TABLE `tb_test` (
  `one` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
  `two` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- 全部插入 NULL，失败
mysql> INSERT tb_test VALUES (NULL,NULL);
1048 - Column 'one' cannot be null


-- 全部插入 空值，成功
mysql> INSERT tb_test VALUES ('','');
Query OK, 1 row affected

-- 模拟数据：
INSERT tb_test VALUES (1,NULL);
INSERT tb_test VALUES ('',2);
INSERT tb_test VALUES (3,3);
`

--空值字段：
-- 使用 is null/is not null
mysql> SELECT * FROM tb_test where one is NULL;
Empty set

mysql> SELECT * FROM tb_test where one is not NULL;
+-----+------+
| one | two  |
+-----+------+
| 1   | NULL |
|     | 2    |
| 3   | 3    |
+-----+------+
3 rows in set
-- 使用 = 、!=
mysql> SELECT * FROM tb_test where one = '';
+-----+-----+
| one | two |
+-----+-----+
|     | 2   |
+-----+-----+
1 row in set

mysql> SELECT * FROM tb_test where one != '';
+-----+------+
| one | two  |
+-----+------+
| 1   | NULL |
| 3   | 3    |
+-----+------+
2 rows in set


--NULL值字段：

-- 使用 is null/is not null
mysql> SELECT * FROM tb_test where two is not NULL;
+-----+-----+
| one | two |
+-----+-----+
|     | 2   |
| 3   | 3   |
+-----+-----+
2 rows in set

mysql> SELECT * FROM tb_test where two is NULL;
+-----+------+
| one | two  |
+-----+------+
| 1   | NULL |
+-----+------+
1 row in set

-- 使用 = 、!=
mysql> SELECT * FROM tb_test where two = '';
Empty set

mysql> SELECT * FROM tb_test where two != '';
+-----+-----+
| one | two |
+-----+-----+
|     | 2   |
| 3   | 3   |
+-----+-----+
2 rows in set

mysql> SELECT count(one) FROM tb_test;
+------------+
| count(one) |
+------------+
|          3 |
+------------+
1 row in set

mysql> SELECT count(two) FROM tb_test;
+------------+
| count(two) |
+------------+
|          2 |
+------------+
1 row in set

mysql> SELECT count(*) FROM tb_test;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
|        3 |
+----------+
1 row in set

mysql> SELECT IFNULL(one,111111111) from tb_test WHERE one = '';
+-----------------------+
| IFNULL(one,111111111) |
+-----------------------+
|                       |
+-----------------------+
1 row in set

mysql> SELECT IFNULL(two,11111111) from tb_test where two is NULL;
+----------------------+
| IFNULL(two,11111111) |
+----------------------+
| 11111111             |
+----------------------+
1 row in set

-- ALTER TABLE table_name ADD INDEX index_name(col_name);
ALTER TABLE tb_test ADD INDEX index_oat (one, two);
ALTER TABLE tb_test add INDEX index_two(two);