Redis和Nginx实现限制接口请求频率的示例

redis > ZADD runoobkey 1 redis
(integer) 1
redis > ZADD runoobkey 2 mongodb
(integer) 1
redis > ZADD runoobkey 3 mysql
(integer) 1
redis > ZADD runoobkey 3 mysql
(integer) 0
redis > ZADD runoobkey 4 mysql
(integer) 0
redis > ZRANGE runoobkey 0 10 WITHSCORES

1) "redis"
2) "1"
3) "mongodb"
4) "2"
5) "mysql"
6) "4"

redis > ZRANGE runoobkey 0 10 WITHSCORES

1) "redis"
2) "1"
3) "mongodb"
4) "2"
5) "mysql"
6) "4"

redis > ZREM mongodb
(integer) 1

redis > ZRANGE runoobkey 0 10 WITHSCORES
1) "redis"
2) "1"
3) "mysql"
4) "4"

redis > ZADD myzset 1 "one"
(integer) 1
redis > ZADD myzset 2 "two"
(integer) 1
redis > ZCARD myzset
(integer) 2

redis > ZRANGE salary 0 -1 WITHSCORES
1) "tom"
2) "2000"
3) "peter"
4) "3500"
5) "jack"
6) "5000"

redis > ZREMRANGEBYSCORE salary 1500 3500
(integer) 2

redis> ZRANGE salary 0 -1 WITHSCORES
1) "jack"
2) "5000"

package org.example.interceptor;

import cn.hutool.json.JSONObject;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * 限流拦截器
 */
@Component
public class RateLimiterInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    private static final String RATE_LIMITER_PREFIX = "Rate-Limiter:";
    private static final int LIMIT = 10; // 限流阈值
    private static final int TIME_WINDOW = 60; // 时间窗口，单位为秒

    @Autowired
    private StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;

    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        response.setContentType("application/json");

        String key = RATE_LIMITER_PREFIX + request.getRequestURI() + ":" + request.getRemoteAddr(); // Rate-Limiter:/api/sendCode:127.0.0.1

        long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); // 1703036748554
        long beforeTime = currentTime - TIME_WINDOW * 1000; // 1703036748554 - 60000 = 1703036688554

        // Long removeNum = stringRedisTemplate.opsForZSet().removeRangeByScore(K key, double min, double max); // 删除有序集合中分数在指定范围内的元素，返回删除元素的数量
        stringRedisTemplate.opsForZSet().removeRangeByScore(key, 0, beforeTime); // 删除有序集合中60秒之前存进去的所有数据，如：

        // Long memberNum = stringRedisTemplate.opsForZSet().size(K key); // 获取有序集合中元素的数量
        long count = stringRedisTemplate.opsForZSet().size(key); // 3
        if (count >= LIMIT) {
            HashMap<String, Object> responseObj = new HashMap<>();
            responseObj.put("code", HttpStatus.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS.value());
            responseObj.put("success", false);
            responseObj.put("msg", HttpStatus.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS.getReasonPhrase());
            JSONObject json = new JSONObject(responseObj);
            response.getWriter().println(json);
            return false;
        } else {
            // Boolean addFlag = stringRedisTemplate.opsForZSet().add(K var1, V var2, double var3); // 向有序集合中添加一个或多个元素，并指定其分数
            stringRedisTemplate.opsForZSet().add(key, String.valueOf(currentTime), currentTime);

            // Boolean expireFlag = stringRedisTemplate.expire(K key, long timeout, TimeUnit unit); // 对指定key的数据设置过期时间
            stringRedisTemplate.expire(key, TIME_WINDOW, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

            return true;
        }
    }
}

package org.example.config;

import org.example.interceptor.RateLimiterInterceptor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport;

@Configuration
public class ResourceConfig extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
    @Autowired
    private RateLimiterInterceptor rateLimiterInterceptor;

    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        registry.addInterceptor(rateLimiterInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/abcd/api/sendCode");
    }
}

user  nginx;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

    # 负载均衡
    upstream springboot {
        server xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8080;
    }

    # limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=limit_zone:10m rate=10r/s; # 定义了一个名为limit_zone的限流区域，使用IP地址进行限流，该区域的大小为10MB，限流速率为10个请求每秒。

    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=limit_zone:10m rate=10r/m; # 定义了一个名为limit_zone的限流区域，使用IP地址进行限流，该区域的大小为10MB，限流速率为10个请求每分钟。


    # 80端口的服务
    server { 
        listen       80;
        server_name  xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx;

        location / {
            alias  html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
            try_files $uri $uri/ /love/index.html;
            proxy_pass http://localhost;
        }

        location ^~ /love/ {
            root   html/love;
            index  index.html index.htm;
            proxy_pass http://localhost;
        }

        location ^~ /abcd/api/sendCode {
          # 在/xxx/api/sendCode接口的location中使用limit_req指令进行限流，限流区域为limit_zone，同时设置了一个瞬时突发流量为20个请求的阈值。
          # 这样，当同一个IP地址在一秒钟内发送超过10个请求到此接口时，Nginx会返回503错误码，表示请求被限流了。
          # limit_req zone=limit_zone burst=20;

          # 在/xxx/api/sendCode接口的location中使用limit_req指令进行限流，限流区域为limit_zone，同时设置了一个瞬时突发流量为5个请求的阈值。
          # 这样，当同一个IP地址在一秒钟内发送超过10个请求到此接口时，如果在一分钟内有超过10个请求，则允许其中的5个请求通过，nodelay表示不延迟响应，即立即返回503错误码。
          limit_req zone=limit_zone burst=5 nodelay;

          proxy_pass http://springboot;
        }
    }
}