从零开始MySQL触发器实战攻略

CREATE
    [DEFINER = user]
    TRIGGER trigger_name
    trigger_time trigger_event
    ON tbl_name FOR EACH ROW
    [trigger_order]
    trigger_body

trigger_time: { BEFORE | AFTER }
trigger_event: { INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE }
trigger_order: { FOLLOWS | PRECEDES } other_trigger_name

# 创建表 创建触发器
mysql> CREATE TABLE account (acct_num INT, amount DECIMAL(10,2));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO account VALUES(137,14.98),(141,1937.50),(97,-100.00);

mysql> delimiter //
mysql> CREATE TRIGGER upd_check BEFORE UPDATE ON account
       FOR EACH ROW
       BEGIN
           IF NEW.amount < 0 THEN
               SET NEW.amount = 0;
           ELSEIF NEW.amount > 100 THEN
               SET NEW.amount = 100;
           END IF;
       END;//
mysql> delimiter ;

# 验证触发器作用
mysql> select * from account;
+----------+---------+
| acct_num | amount  |
+----------+---------+
|      137 |   14.98 |
|      141 | 1937.50 |
|       97 | -100.00 |
+----------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update account set amount = 114.98 where acct_num = 137;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from account;
+----------+---------+
| acct_num | amount  |
+----------+---------+
|      137 |  100.00 |
|      141 | 1937.50 |
|       97 | -100.00 |
+----------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

# 查看触发器
mysql> show triggers;

# 删除触发器
mysql> drop trigger if exists upd_check;

# 查看数据库实例中所有触发器
SELECT
    a.TRIGGER_SCHEMA,
    a.TRIGGER_NAME,
    a.ACTION_TIMING,
    a.EVENT_OBJECT_TABLE,
    a.EVENT_MANIPULATION 
FROM
    information_schema.`TRIGGERS` a 
WHERE
    a.TRIGGER_SCHEMA NOT IN ( 'information_schema', 'performance_schema', 'mysql', 'sys' );
  
delimiter // 设置MySQL执行结束标志，默认为;

# 禁止删除数据 即使你有权限
mysql> select * from student;
+--------------+------+--------+-------+-------+
| increment_id | s_id | s_name | s_sex | s_age |
+--------------+------+--------+-------+-------+
|            1 | 1001 | sdfsd  | 男    |    18 |
|            2 | 1003 | zsdfsd | 女    |    19 |
+--------------+------+--------+-------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> delimiter //
mysql> CREATE TRIGGER `tri_delstu` BEFORE DELETE ON `student` FOR EACH ROW begin
    -> declare msg varchar(255);
    -> set msg="不允许删除学生信息";
    -> SIGNAL SQLSTATE 'HY000' SET  MESSAGE_TEXT = msg;
    -> end; //
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> delimiter ;
mysql> delete from student where s_id = 1003;
ERROR 1644 (HY000): 不允许删除学生信息

# 禁止更新某个字段
mysql> delimiter //
mysql> CREATE TRIGGER trg__updateSid BEFORE UPDATE ON `student`
    -> FOR EACH ROW
    -> BEGIN
    ->  DECLARE msg VARCHAR(100); 
    ->  IF NEW.s_id <> OLD.s_id THEN
    ->  SET msg='不允许修改学号'; 
    ->  SIGNAL SQLSTATE 'HY000' SET message_text = msg; 
    ->  END IF; 
    -> END; //
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)

mysql> delimiter ;
mysql> update student set s_id = 1002 where increment_id = 2;
ERROR 1644 (HY000): 不允许修改学号

# 限制修改范围
mysql> delimiter //
mysql> CREATE TRIGGER `tri_update_age` BEFORE UPDATE ON `student` FOR EACH ROW BEGIN
    ->         DECLARE msg VARCHAR(20);
    ->   IF (NEW.s_age<0) THEN 
    ->         set msg="年龄不能小于0";
    ->   signal sqlstate 'HY000' set message_text=msg;
    ->         END IF;
    -> END; //
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> delimiter ;
mysql> update student set s_age=10 where s_id = 1001;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> update student set s_age=-10 where s_id = 1001;
ERROR 1644 (HY000): 年龄不能小于0