mysql如何存储地理信息

CREATE TABLE locations (  
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,  
    name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,  
    position POINT NOT NULL,  
    SPATIAL INDEX(position)  -- 为位置列创建空间索引  
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

INSERT INTO locations (name, position)  
VALUES ('Location A', GeomFromText('POINT(10 20)'));  
-- 或者使用 PointFromText  
INSERT INTO locations (name, position)  
VALUES ('Location B', PointFromText('POINT(30 40)'));

-- 查找位置在 (0, 0) 到 (20, 20) 矩形区域内的所有位置  
SELECT * FROM locations  
WHERE MBRContains(  
    GeomFromText('POLYGON((0 0, 20 0, 20 20, 0 20, 0 0))'),  
    position  
);

-- 查找距离 (15, 15) 点 10 公里内的所有位置  
-- 假设地球半径为 6371 公里（平均半径）  
SELECT *, (6371 * acos(cos(radians(15))   
  * cos(radians(X(position)))   
  * cos(radians(Y(position)) - radians(15))   
  + sin(radians(15))   
  * sin(radians(X(position))))) AS distance_km   
FROM locations   
HAVING distance_km < 10;

-- 查找距离 (15, 15) 点 10 公里内的所有位置  
SELECT *, ST_Distance_Sphere(point(15, 15), position, 6371) AS distance_km   
FROM locations   
HAVING distance_km < 10;

CREATE TABLE polygons (  
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,  
    name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,  
    shape POLYGON NOT NULL,  
    SPATIAL INDEX(shape)  
) ENGINE=InnoDB;  
INSERT INTO polygons (name, shape)  
VALUES ('Polygon A', GeomFromText('POLYGON((0 0, 10 0, 10 10, 0 10, 0 0))'));  
INSERT INTO polygons (name, shape)  
VALUES ('Polygon B', GeomFromText('POLYGON((20 20, 30 20, 30 30, 20 30, 20 20))'));  
-- 创建一个包含点的表  
CREATE TABLE points (  
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,  
    name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,  
    position POINT NOT NULL,  
    SPATIAL INDEX(position)  
) ENGINE=InnoDB;  
INSERT INTO points (name, position)  
VALUES ('Point 1', GeomFromText('POINT(5 5)'));  
INSERT INTO points (name, position)  
VALUES ('Point 2', GeomFromText('POINT(25 25)'));

-- 假设我们想要检查'Point 1'和'Point 2'是否分别位于'Polygon A'和'Polygon B'内部  
-- 并计算它们与各自多边形中心点的距离  
-- 首先，我们需要计算每个多边形的中心点  
SET @polygonA_center = ST_Centroid(GeomFromText('POLYGON((0 0, 10 0, 10 10, 0 10, 0 0))'));  
SET @polygonB_center = ST_Centroid(GeomFromText('POLYGON((20 20, 30 20, 30 30, 20 30, 20 20))'));  
-- 然后，我们可以使用这些中心点与点表中的点进行比较和距离计算  
SELECT   
    p.name AS point_name,  
    p.position,  
    CASE   
        WHEN ST_Contains(pg.shape, p.position) THEN 'Inside'  
        ELSE 'Outside'  
    END AS location_status,  
    ST_Distance_Sphere(p.position, CASE pg.name WHEN 'Polygon A' THEN @polygonA_center ELSE @polygonB_center END, 6371) AS distance_km  
FROM   
    points p  
JOIN   
    polygons pg ON (  
        (p.name = 'Point 1' AND pg.name = 'Polygon A') OR  
        (p.name = 'Point 2' AND pg.name = 'Polygon B')  
    );