MySQL下200GB大表备份的操作(利用传输表空间解决停服发版表备份问题)

-- 源表（aa）
CREATE TABLE aa (
  id int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  sname VARCHAR(100)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;
-- 备胎表（bb）
CREATE TABLE bb (
  id int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  sname VARCHAR(100)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;
greatsql> INSERT INTO aa SELECT 1,"nihao";

greatsql> ALTER TABLE bb DISCARD TABLESPACE;  -- 加锁并生成配置文件

greatsql> USE school;
greatsql> FLUSH TABLES aa FOR EXPORT;   

$ cd /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/school
$ cp aa.ibd  bb.ibd  
$ cp aa.cfg  bb.cfg
$ chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/*

greatsql> USE school;
greatsql> UNLOCK TABLES;  
greatsql> ALTER TABLE bb IMPORT TABLESPACE;
greatsql> ALTER TABLE aa IMPORT TABLESPACE;

greatsql> USE school;
greatsql> SELECT * FROM bb;
greatsql> SELECT * FROM aa;

greatsql> SELECT * FROM aa;
+------+-------+
| id   | sname |
+------+-------+
|    1 | nihao |
+------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
greatsql> SELECT * FROM bb;
+------+-------+
| id   | sname |
+------+-------+
|    1 | nihao |
+------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

$ ll
total 228
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 114688 Mar  4 16:51 aa.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql    781 Mar  4 16:52 bb.cfg
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 114688 Mar  4 16:52 bb.ibd

-- 发版操作（示例）
greatsql> UPDATE aa SET sname = 'new_value' WHERE id > 1;

-- 回滚操作（交换表名）
greatsql> ALTER TABLE aa RENAME TO aa_temp; 
greatsql> ALTER TABLE bb RENAME TO aa;