浅谈MySQL中字符串匹配的N种姿势

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name LIKE pattern;

查询姓 “张” 的用户(以"张"为前缀)
SELECT * FROM users WHERE username LIKE '张%';

匹配包含 “test” 的字符串（不区分位置）
SELECT * FROM logs WHERE message LIKE '%test%';

查询用户名恰好为 3 位，且以 “a” 开头的记录
SELECT * FROM users WHERE username LIKE 'a__';

SELECT * FROM users WHERE username LIKE BINARY 'Ab%'; -- 区分大小写

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name REGEXP pattern;

-- 匹配以数字开头的字符串
SELECT * FROM data WHERE value REGEXP '^[0-9]';

-- 匹配以“.com”结尾的域名
SELECT * FROM urls WHERE domain REGEXP '\.com$';

-- 匹配包含连续多个“a”的字符串
SELECT * FROM texts WHERE content REGEXP 'a*';

-- 匹配至少包含一个“a”的字符串
SELECT * FROM texts WHERE content REGEXP 'a+';

-- 匹配“male”或“female”
SELECT * FROM users WHERE gender REGEXP 'male|female';

-- 匹配手机号（支持13/15/18开头）
SELECT * FROM contacts WHERE phone REGEXP '^1(3|5|8)[0-9]{9}$';

-- 创建表时添加全文索引
CREATE TABLE articles (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    title VARCHAR(255),
    content TEXT,
    FULLTEXT(title, content)
);

-- 对现有表添加全文索引
ALTER TABLE articles ADD FULLTEXT(title, content);

-- 简单匹配（查询包含“MySQL”的文章）
SELECT * FROM articles 
WHERE MATCH(title, content) AGAINST('MySQL');

-- 布尔模式匹配（+必须包含，-排除）
SELECT * FROM articles 
WHERE MATCH(title, content) AGAINST('+优化 -索引' IN BOOLEAN MODE);

-- 自然语言模式（返回相关度排序结果）
SELECT *, MATCH(title, content) AGAINST('性能调优') AS score
FROM articles 
ORDER BY score DESC;

-- 查询发音与“Smith”相似的用户
SELECT * FROM users 
WHERE SOUNDEX(username) = SOUNDEX('Smith');

-- 根据状态码返回对应描述
SELECT id, ELT(status, '未开始', '进行中', '已完成') AS status_desc FROM tasks;