MySQL数据库实现本地和异地备份的全面指南

#!/bin/bash
set -eo pipefail
trap 'echo "错误发生在行 $LINENO"; exit 1' ERR

# 配置区
USER="root"                           # MySQL用户名
BACKUP_DIR="/data/backup"             # 备份存储目录
EXCLUDE_DBS="mysql|information_schema|performance_schema|sys"  # 排除的系统数据库
RSYNC_TARGET="rsync_backup@192.168.1.2::mysqlbackup/192.168.1.3/"     # 异地备份目标
LOGFILE="$BACKUP_DIR/data_backup.log" # 日志文件路径
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M)             # 当前日期时间

# 创建备份目录
mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR" || exit 1
cd "$BACKUP_DIR" || exit 1

# 记录开始时间
echo "==== 备份开始 $(date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") ====" >> "$LOGFILE"

# 获取数据库列表并备份
DATABASES=$(mysql -e "SHOW DATABASES;" | grep -Ev "$EXCLUDE_DBS" | tr '\n' ' ')
echo "备份数据库: $DATABASES" >> "$LOGFILE"
mysqldump --routines --single-transaction --master-data=2 --databases $DATABASES > "wzqmysql_bak${DATE}.sql"

# 压缩备份
if [ -s "wzqmysql_bak${DATE}.sql" ]; then
  tar -czf "wzqmysql_bak${DATE}.tar.gz" "wzqmysql_bak${DATE}.sql"
  rm -f "wzqmysql_bak${DATE}.sql"
  echo "压缩完成，文件大小: $(du -sh wzqmysql_bak${DATE}.tar.gz)" >> "$LOGFILE"
else
  echo "备份文件为空，终止流程！" >> "$LOGFILE"
  exit 1
fi

# 同步到异地
rsync -avz --password-file=/etc/rsync.password "wzqmysql_bak${DATE}.tar.gz" "$RSYNC_TARGET"

# 清理30天前备份
find "$BACKUP_DIR" -type f -mtime +30 -name "*.gz" -delete

echo "==== 备份完成 $(date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") ====" >> "$LOGFILE"

chmod +x /data/mysql_backup.sh

crontab -e

0 1 * * * /data/mysql_backup.sh

[client]
user = root
password = 123456

chmod 600 ~/.my.cnf

chmod 600 /etc/rsync.password

head -n 30 wzqmysql_bak${DATE}.sql | grep "CHANGE MASTER TO"

mysqlbinlog --start-datetime="2025-02-21 00:00:00" /var/lib/mysql/binlog.000001 > incremental.sql

# 解压备份
tar -wzqf wzqmysql_bak20250221_0100.tar.gz
# 恢复数据库
mysql -e "CREATE DATABASE test_restore;"
mysql test_restore < wzqmysql_bak20250221_0100.sql

/data/backup/data_backup.log {
  daily
  rotate 30
  compress
  missingok
}