MySQL中万能备份脚本的实现详解

#!/bin/bash
# mybackup.sh

# 备份保留天数，建议保留三天
days=7
# 备份时间
time=$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)
# 备份保存路径
backup_dir=/opt/backup
# 备份工具
tool=mysqldump
# 端口
port="3306"
# 是否采用 --all-databases 备份所有数据库，是填写 Y，否填其他
read -p "是否备份所有数据库？(Y/N): " bak_all
# 将要备份的数据库，填写将要备份的数据库名
if [ "$bak_all" != "Y" ]; then
    read -p "请输入要备份的数据库名，多个数据库用空格分隔: " database_input
    IFS=' ' read -r -a database_arr <<< "$database_input"
fi

# 输入账号和密码
read -p "请输入 MySQL 用户名: " username
read -s -p "请输入 MySQL 密码: " password
echo

# 检查文件夹是否存在，不存在则创建
if [ ! -d "$backup_dir/mysqlbak_$time" ]; then
    mkdir -p "$backup_dir/mysqlbak_$time"
fi

# 备份数据库
if [ "$bak_all" == "Y" ]; then
    $tool -u"$username" -p"$password" -P"$port" --master-data=2 --single-transaction --set-gtid-purged=on --all-databases | gzip > "$backup_dir/mysqlbak_$time/mysqlbak_all_$time.sql.gz"
else
    for database in "${database_arr[@]}"; do
        $tool -u"$username" -p"$password" -P"$port" --master-data=2 --single-transaction --set-gtid-purged=on "$database" | gzip > "$backup_dir/mysqlbak_$time/mysqlbak_${database}_${time}.sql.gz"
    done
fi

# 备份 binlog 日志
# 获取当前的 binlog 文件列表
binlog_files=$(mysql -u"$username" -p"$password" -P"$port" -e "SHOW BINARY LOGS;" | awk 'NR>1 {print $1}')
for binlog_file in $binlog_files; do
    mysqlbinlog -u"$username" -p"$password" -P"$port" "$binlog_file" > "$backup_dir/mysqlbak_$time/${binlog_file}_${time}.log"
done

# 删除指定天数前的备份
find "$backup_dir" -maxdepth 1 -type d -mtime +$days -name 'mysqlbak*' -exec rm -rf {} \;

chmod +x mybackup.sh

./mybackup.sh

#!/bin/bash

# 定义变量
USER="root"
PASSWORD="123456"
BACKUP_DIR="/backup/mysql"
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d)
WEEKDAY=$(date +%u)  # 1=星期一, 7=星期日

# 创建备份目录
mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIR

# 周日全备份，其他日子增量备份
if [ $WEEKDAY -eq 7 ]; then
    # 全备份
    echo "$(date): 开始全备份" >> $BACKUP_DIR/backup.log
    mysqldump -u$USER -p$PASSWORD --all-databases --single-transaction | gzip > $BACKUP_DIR/full_$DATE.sql.gz
    echo "$(date): 全备份完成" >> $BACKUP_DIR/backup.log
else
    # 增量备份（备份binlog）
    echo "$(date): 开始增量备份" >> $BACKUP_DIR/backup.log
    mysql -u$USER -p$PASSWORD -e "FLUSH LOGS"
    # 复制最新的binlog文件
    cp /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.$(mysql -u$USER -p$PASSWORD -e "SHOW MASTER STATUS" | awk 'NR==2{print $1}' | sed 's/mysql-bin.//') $BACKUP_DIR/binlog_$DATE
    echo "$(date): 增量备份完成" >> $BACKUP_DIR/backup.log
fi

# 删除7天前的备份
find $BACKUP_DIR -name "*.gz" -mtime +7 -delete
find $BACKUP_DIR -name "binlog_*" -mtime +7 -delete

USER="root"                     # MySQL用户名
PASSWORD="your_password"        # MySQL密码（使用时替换为实际密码）
BACKUP_DIR="/backup/mysql"       # 备份文件存储目录
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d)              # 当前日期（格式：20231006）
WEEKDAY=$(date +%u)                 # 星期几（1=星期一，7=星期日）
#!/bin/bash：指定用Bash解释器执行脚本。

mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIR
-p：如果目录不存在则创建，避免报错。

if [ $WEEKDAY -eq 7 ]; then
    echo "$(date): 开始全备份" >> $BACKUP_DIR/backup.log
    mysqldump -u $USER -p $PASSWORD --all-databases --single-transaction | gzip > $BACKUP_DIR/full_$DATE.sql.gz
    echo "$(date): 全备份完成" >> $BACKUP_DIR/backup.log

else
    echo "$(date): 开始增量备份" >> $BACKUP_DIR/backup.log
    mysql -u$USER -p$PASSWORD -e "FLUSH LOGS"
    cp /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.$(mysql -u$USER -p$PASSWORD -e "SHOW MASTER STATUS" | awk 'NR==2{print $1}' | sed 's/mysql-bin.//') $BACKUP_DIR/binlog_$DATE
    echo "$(date): 增量备份完成" >> $BACKUP_DIR/backup.log
fi

find $BACKUP_DIR -name "*.gz" -mtime +7 -delete
find $BACKUP_DIR -name "binlog_*" -mtime +7 -delete