Oracle数据库物理备份与恢复实战教程

-- 查看控制文件保留时间
SHOW PARAMETER control_file_record_keep_time;
-- 修改保留时间
ALTER SYSTEM SET control_file_record_keep_time=14 SCOPE=BOTH;

-- 创建表空间
CREATE TABLESPACE rmantbs DATAFILE '/backup/rmantbs01.dbf' SIZE 100M AUTOEXTEND OFF;
-- 创建RMAN用户
CREATE USER rman IDENTIFIED BY rman DEFAULT TABLESPACE rmantbs;
ALTER USER rman QUOTA UNLIMITED ON rmantbs;
GRANT connect,resource,recovery_catalog_owner TO rman;
-- 创建恢复目录
RMAN> CREATE CATALOG TABLESPACE rmantbs;

rman target / catalog rman/rman@rman
RMAN> REGISTER DATABASE;

-- 查看所有配置
RMAN> SHOW ALL;
-- 配置保留策略
RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 2;
-- 配置控制文件自动备份
RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

-- 全库备份
RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE;
-- 备份指定表空间
RMAN> BACKUP TABLESPACE users;
-- 备份归档日志
RMAN> BACKUP ARCHIVELOG ALL;
-- 压缩备份
RMAN> BACKUP AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET DATABASE;

-- 恢复数据库
RMAN> RESTORE DATABASE;
RMAN> RECOVER DATABASE;
-- 恢复数据文件
RMAN> RESTORE DATAFILE 5;
RMAN> RECOVER DATAFILE 5;

-- 恢复SPFILE
RMAN> STARTUP NOMOUNT;
RMAN> RESTORE SPFILE FROM AUTOBACKUP;
-- 恢复控制文件
RMAN> RESTORE CONTROLFILE FROM AUTOBACKUP;
-- 恢复数据文件
RMAN> RESTORE DATABASE;
RMAN> RECOVER DATABASE;
-- 打开数据库
SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;

-- 在线恢复
SQL> ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/path/file.dbf' OFFLINE;
RMAN> RESTORE DATAFILE 5;
RMAN> RECOVER DATAFILE 5;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/path/file.dbf' ONLINE;

RMAN> RESTORE TABLESPACE users;
RMAN> RECOVER TABLESPACE users;

-- 检查坏块
SQL> SELECT * FROM v$database_block_corruption;
-- 修复坏块
RMAN> BLOCKRECOVER DATAFILE 17 BLOCK 130;

-- 0级备份
RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 0 DATABASE;
-- 1级增量备份
RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 DATABASE;

RUN {
  SET UNTIL TIME "TO_DATE('2023-01-01 12:00:00','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')";
  RESTORE DATABASE;
  RECOVER DATABASE;
}

-- 检查7天内备份情况
SELECT /*+ RULE */ r.session_recid,
       TO_CHAR(r.start_time, 'yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS') start_time,
       r.status,
       r.input_type,
       r.input_bytes_display input_size
FROM v$rman_backup_job_details r
WHERE start_time > SYSDATE - 7
ORDER BY start_time;

-- 交叉验证备份
RMAN> CROSSCHECK BACKUP;
-- 删除过期备份
RMAN> DELETE EXPIRED BACKUP;
-- 删除废弃备份
RMAN> DELETE OBSOLETE;