MySQL读写分离部署实践

# 添加YUM仓库配置
wget https://repo.proxysql.com/ProxySQL/repo_pub_key -O /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-ProxySQL
rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-ProxySQL

sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/proxysql.repo <<EOF
[proxysql]
name= ProxySQL YUM repository
baseurl=http://repo.proxysql.com/ProxySQL/proxysql-2.4.x/centos/\$releasever
enabled=1
EOF

sudo yum install proxysql -y

# 启动 ProxySQL 服务
systemctl start proxysql
systemctl enable proxysql

yum install mysql -y

mysql -u admin -padmin -h 127.0.0.1 -P6032

use main;

-- 添加主库
INSERT INTO mysql_servers(hostgroup_id, hostname, port) VALUES (10, '主库IP', 3306);

-- 添加从库（多个从库重复此步骤）
INSERT INTO mysql_servers(hostgroup_id, hostname, port) VALUES (20, '从库1IP', 3306);
INSERT INTO mysql_servers(hostgroup_id, hostname, port) VALUES (20, '从库2IP', 3306);

-- 检查添加结果
select * from main.mysql_servers;

-- 应用配置
LOAD MYSQL SERVERS TO RUNTIME;
SAVE MYSQL SERVERS TO DISK;

-- 写操作路由到主库（hostgroup_id=10）
INSERT INTO mysql_query_rules(rule_id, active, match_digest, destination_hostgroup, apply)
VALUES (1, 1, '^INSERT|^UPDATE|^DELETE|^REPLACE|^CREATE|^ALTER|^DROP', 10, 1);

-- 读操作路由到从库（hostgroup_id=20）
INSERT INTO mysql_query_rules(rule_id, active, match_digest, destination_hostgroup, apply)
VALUES (2, 1, '^SELECT', 20, 1);

-- 应用配置
load mysql query rules to runtime;
load admin variables to runtime;
save mysql query rules to disk;
save admin variables to disk;

-- 添加MySQL客户端用户（与MySQL实际用户保持一致）
INSERT INTO mysql_users(username, password, default_hostgroup)
VALUES ('业务用户名', '业务用户密码', 10);

-- 查询账户添加结果
select * from mysql_users;

-- 应用配置
LOAD MYSQL USERS TO RUNTIME;
SAVE MYSQL USERS TO DISK;

-- 在MySQL主从服务器上创建监控用户
GRANT PROCESS, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'proxysql'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '监控用户密码';
flush privileges;


-- 在ProxySQL中配置监控用户
set mysql-monitor_username='proxysql';
set mysql-monitor_password='监控用户密码';
LOAD MYSQL VARIABLES TO RUNTIME;
SAVE MYSQL VARIABLES TO DISK;

SELECT * FROM mysql_servers;
SELECT * FROM runtime_mysql_servers;

SELECT * FROM mysql_query_rules;
SELECT * FROM runtime_mysql_query_rules;

主机：ProxySQL服务器IP
端口：6033
用户名：业务用户名
密码：业务用户密码

mysql -uroot -p'Asdf#1234' -P6033 -h 127.0.0.1

-- 调整连接池大小（根据实际情况调整）
UPDATE global_variables SET variable_value=1000 WHERE variable_name='mysql-threads';
LOAD MYSQL VARIABLES TO RUNTIME;
SAVE MYSQL VARIABLES TO DISK;

-- 启用压缩（减少网络传输）
UPDATE global_variables SET variable_value='true' WHERE variable_name='mysql-connections_compress';
LOAD MYSQL VARIABLES TO RUNTIME;
SAVE MYSQL VARIABLES TO DISK;

-- 查看主从服务器状态
SELECT hostgroup_id, hostname, port, status FROM runtime_mysql_servers;

-- 查看查询统计
SELECT hostgroup, count_star, sum_time, first_seen, last_seen FROM stats_mysql_query_digest;

# 使用内置监控命令
proxysql-admin --help

# 查看系统状态
top -p $(pgrep proxysql)

-- 将某个从库提升为主库（假设从库IP为192.168.1.101）
UPDATE mysql_servers SET hostgroup_id=10 WHERE hostname='192.168.1.101';
LOAD MYSQL SERVERS TO RUNTIME;
SAVE MYSQL SERVERS TO DISK;


-- 配置主从自动切换
-- 定义主从复制组（hostgroup_id 10=主库，20=从库）
INSERT INTO mysql_replication_hostgroups (writer_hostgroup, reader_hostgroup)
VALUES (10, 20);
LOAD MYSQL SERVERS TO RUNTIME;
SAVE MYSQL SERVERS TO DISK;