PostgreSQL高可用集群部署与配置指南

yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make readline-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel bzip2 bison libicu-devel flex
wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.0/postgresql-18.0.tar.gz
tar xf postgresql-18.0.tar.gz
cd postgresql-18.0

yum groupinstall -y “Development Tools”
yum install -y perl-core zlib-devel

下载并编译 OpenSSL ≥ 1.1.1
cd /tmp
wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.1w.tar.gz
tar -xzf openssl-1.1.1w.tar.gz
cd openssl-1.1.1w

# 配置安装路径（避免影响系统 OpenSSL）
./config --prefix=/usr/local/ssl --openssldir=/usr/local/ssl shared zlib

# 编译并安装
make -j$(nproc)
sudo make install

配置环境变量（临时或永久）
# 临时生效（当前 shell）
export PATH="/usr/local/ssl/bin:$PATH"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/ssl/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/ssl/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH"

# 永久生效（可选）
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/ssl/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/ssl/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/ssl/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

#将库路径加入系统动态链接器配置
echo "/usr/local/ssl/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/openssl-1.1.1.conf
ldconfig

./configure   --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql   --with-openssl   CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/ssl/include"   LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/ssl/lib"
make -j$(nproc)
make install

vim /shaxiang/pg/data/postgresql.conf
# 连接与监听
listen_addresses = '*'
port = 5432

# WAL / replication
wal_level = replica
max_wal_senders = 10
max_replication_slots = 10                # 如果用 replication slots
wal_keep_size = 1GB                        # 取决于 WAL 产生速度与网络延迟
archive_mode = on
archive_command = 'test ! -f /data/pgsql/archive/%f && cp %p /data/pgsql/archive/%f'
# 热备
hot_standby = on

# 可选：同步复制策略（见下）
synchronous_commit = on
synchronous_standby_names = 'ANY1 (pg2,pg3)'

#允许从库连接做复制
vim /shaxiang/pg/data/pg_hba.conf
host    replication    replicator    192.168.123.0/24    md5
# 允许管理/客户端访问（按需）
host    all            all     0.0.0.0/0           md5

#创建复制用户
CREATE USER replicator WITH REPLICATION LOGIN ENCRYPTED PASSWORD '123456';
重启 Primary
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl restart -D /shaxiang/pg/data

/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_basebackup -h 192.168.123.70 -U replicator -D /shaxiang/pg/data -Fp -Xs -P -R

vim postgresql.auto.conf
primary_conninfo = 'user=replicator password=123456 host=192.168.123.70 port=5432 application_name=standby1 sslmode=prefer'

primary_conninfo = 'user=replicator password=123456 host=192.168.123.70 port=5432 application_name=standby2 sslmode=prefer'

SELECT client_addr, application_name, state, sync_state FROM pg_stat_replication;

/etc/systemd/system/postgresql.service
[Unit]
Description=PostgreSQL database server
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
User=postgres
Group=postgres
ExecStart=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl start -D /shaxiang/pg/data -l /shaxiang/pg/logfile
ExecStop=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl stop -D /shaxiang/pg/data
ExecReload=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl reload -D /shaxiang/pg/data
PIDFile=/shaxiang/pg/data/postmaster.pid
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable postgresql
systemctl start postgresql
systemctl status postgresql