PostgreSQL定期验证备份的有效性的完整方案

# 验证 dump 文件是否可解析（不实际导入）
pg_restore --list backup.dump > /dev/null && echo "OK"

# 创建临时数据库
createdb test_restore_$(date +%Y%m%d)

# 恢复
pg_restore -d test_restore_$(date +%Y%m%d) backup.dump

# 验证关键表行数
psql -d test_restore_$(date +%Y%m%d) -c "SELECT count(*) FROM orders;"

# 清理
dropdb test_restore_$(date +%Y%m%d)

# validate_logical_backup.py
import subprocess, sys, tempfile
from datetime import datetime

def validate_dump(dump_file):
    db_name = f"test_restore_{datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d_%H%M%S')}"
    try:
        # 创建 DB
        subprocess.run(["createdb", db_name], check=True)
        # 恢复
        subprocess.run(["pg_restore", "-d", db_name, dump_file], check=True)
        # 查询验证
        result = subprocess.run(
            ["psql", "-d", db_name, "-tAc", "SELECT count(*) FROM users"],
            capture_output=True, text=True, check=True
        )
        print(f"Users count: {result.stdout.strip()}")
        return True
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        print(f"Validation failed: {e}")
        return False
    finally:
        subprocess.run(["dropdb", "--if-exists", db_name])

cp -r /backups/base/20240601 /var/lib/postgresql/14/recovery

touch /var/lib/postgresql/14/recovery/recovery.signal

restore_command = 'cp /archive/%f %p'
recovery_target_time = '2024-06-02 10:00:00'

pg_ctl -D /var/lib/postgresql/14/recovery start

SELECT pg_is_in_recovery();  -- 应返回 false（已退出恢复）
SELECT now();                -- 时间应接近目标时间

[备份系统] → [对象存储] 
                     ↓
[验证调度器] → [临时恢复实例] → [验证脚本] → [报告/告警]

FROM postgres:14
COPY entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh
RUN chmod +x /entrypoint.sh
ENTRYPOINT ["/entrypoint.sh"]

# 检查归档目录中 WAL 是否连续
ls /archive | sort | awk '
{
    if (NR == 1) { prev = $0; next }
    # 解析 LSN（简化版）
    split(prev, p, "");
    split($0, c, "");
    # 实际应解析 24 位十六进制序列号
    if (hex_to_dec(c[23]) != hex_to_dec(p[23]) + 1) {
        print "GAP between", prev, "and", $0
    }
    prev = $0
}'

-- test_orders.sql
SELECT results_eq(
    'SELECT count(*) FROM orders WHERE status = ''paid''',
    'SELECT 12345',
    'Paid orders count matches expected'
);