未开启binlog时mysql全量备份的实现

# 备份整个数据库实例
mysqldump -u root -p \
  --all-databases \
  --single-transaction \
  --routines \
  --triggers \
  --events \
  --flush-logs \
  --master-data=2 \
  > full_backup_$(date +%Y%m%d).sql

#!/bin/bash
# backup_no_binlog.sh

BACKUP_DIR="/data/backup/mysql"
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
MYSQL_USER="root"
MYSQL_PASSWORD="yourpassword"
MYSQL_HOST="localhost"

# 创建备份目录
mkdir -p ${BACKUP_DIR}/${DATE}

# 获取所有数据库列表（排除系统库）
databases=$(mysql -h${MYSQL_HOST} -u${MYSQL_USER} -p${MYSQL_PASSWORD} \
  -e "SHOW DATABASES;" | grep -Ev "Database|information_schema|performance_schema|sys")

# 逐个备份数据库
for db in $databases; do
  echo "正在备份数据库: $db"
  
  mysqldump -h${MYSQL_HOST} -u${MYSQL_USER} -p${MYSQL_PASSWORD} \
    --single-transaction \
    --routines \
    --triggers \
    --events \
    --skip-lock-tables \
    ${db} | gzip > ${BACKUP_DIR}/${DATE}/${db}.sql.gz
  
  # 记录备份大小
  size=$(du -h ${BACKUP_DIR}/${DATE}/${db}.sql.gz | cut -f1)
  echo "${db}: ${size}" >> ${BACKUP_DIR}/${DATE}/backup_info.txt
done

# 删除30天前的备份
find ${BACKUP_DIR} -type d -mtime +30 -exec rm -rf {} \;

echo "备份完成: ${BACKUP_DIR}/${DATE}"

#!/bin/bash
# cold_backup.sh

# 1. 停止MySQL服务
sudo systemctl stop mysql

# 2. 复制数据文件
BACKUP_DIR="/backup/mysql/cold_backup_$(date +%Y%m%d)"
mkdir -p ${BACKUP_DIR}

# 复制整个数据目录
sudo cp -rp /var/lib/mysql ${BACKUP_DIR}/

# 复制配置文件
sudo cp -rp /etc/mysql ${BACKUP_DIR}/

# 3. 启动MySQL服务
sudo systemctl start mysql

# 4. 打包压缩
tar -czf ${BACKUP_DIR}.tar.gz ${BACKUP_DIR}
sudo rm -rf ${BACKUP_DIR}

echo "冷备完成: ${BACKUP_DIR}.tar.gz"

# 热备，无需binlog
mysqlbackup --user=root --password=yourpassword \
  --backup-dir=/backup/full_backup \
  backup-and-apply-log

#!/bin/bash
# multi_cycle_backup.sh

BACKUP_ROOT="/backup/mysql"
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d)
WEEKDAY=$(date +%u)  # 1-7 周一到周日
DAY_OF_MONTH=$(date +%d)

# 日备份目录
DAILY_DIR="${BACKUP_ROOT}/daily/${DATE}"
# 周备份目录
WEEKLY_DIR="${BACKUP_ROOT}/weekly/week${WEEKDAY}"
# 月备份目录
MONTHLY_DIR="${BACKUP_ROOT}/monthly/$(date +%Y%m)"

mkdir -p ${DAILY_DIR} ${WEEKLY_DIR} ${MONTHLY_DIR}

# 执行备份函数
do_backup() {
  local target_dir=$1
  mysqldump -uroot -pyourpassword \
    --all-databases \
    --single-transaction \
    --routines \
    --triggers \
    --events | gzip > ${target_dir}/full_backup.sql.gz
  
  # 记录备份元数据
  echo "backup_time: $(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')" > ${target_dir}/metadata.txt
  echo "backup_type: ${2}" >> ${target_dir}/metadata.txt
  echo "binlog_status: disabled" >> ${target_dir}/metadata.txt
}

# 每天执行日备份
do_backup ${DAILY_DIR} "daily"

# 每周日执行周备份（周日的weekday=7）
if [ ${WEEKDAY} -eq 7 ]; then
  cp ${DAILY_DIR}/full_backup.sql.gz ${WEEKLY_DIR}/
  cp ${DAILY_DIR}/metadata.txt ${WEEKLY_DIR}/
fi

# 每月1号执行月备份
if [ ${DAY_OF_MONTH} -eq 1 ]; then
  cp ${DAILY_DIR}/full_backup.sql.gz ${MONTHLY_DIR}/
  cp ${DAILY_DIR}/metadata.txt ${MONTHLY_DIR}/
fi

# 清理策略
# 保留7天日备份
find ${BACKUP_ROOT}/daily -type d -mtime +7 -exec rm -rf {} \;
# 保留4周周备份
find ${BACKUP_ROOT}/weekly -type d -mtime +28 -exec rm -rf {} \;
# 保留3个月备份
find ${BACKUP_ROOT}/monthly -type d -mtime +90 -exec rm -rf {} \;

# 备份前检查表状态
mysqlcheck -u root -p --all-databases --check-only

# 修复表（如果需要）
mysqlcheck -u root -p --all-databases --repair

#!/bin/bash
# verify_backup.sh

BACKUP_FILE=$1

# 检查文件完整性
gzip -t ${BACKUP_FILE}
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "备份文件完整性检查: 通过"
else
    echo "备份文件完整性检查: 失败"
    exit 1
fi

# 测试性恢复（可选）
gunzip -c ${BACKUP_FILE} | head -n 50 | grep -i "CREATE DATABASE"
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "备份内容有效性检查: 通过"
else
    echo "备份内容有效性检查: 失败"
    exit 1
fi

# 1. 开启定时全备（crontab）
0 1,13 * * * /backup/scripts/daily_backup.sh     # 每天1点和13点各备份一次
0 3 * * 0 /backup/scripts/weekly_archive.sh      # 每周日3点归档

# 2. 异地备份
rsync -avz /backup/mysql/ user@remote-server:/backup/mysql/

# 3. 备份加密
mysqldump ... | openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -salt -pass pass:yourpassword > backup.sql.enc

# 4. 备份监控
# 如果连续2天没有新备份文件，发送告警
find /backup/mysql -name "*.sql.gz" -mtime -2 | grep . || echo "备份异常" | mail -s "备份告警" admin@example.com

# 定期（每月）在测试环境执行恢复测试
gunzip -c latest_backup.sql.gz | mysql -utest -ptest test_database