MySQL数据误删恢复的完整指南

-- 1. 创建测试库表与基础数据
create database recover;
use recover;
CREATE TABLE test_recover (
 id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
 a int NOT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY (id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB CHARSET=utf8mb4;
insert into test_recover values (1,1),(2,2);

-- 2. 创建备份专用用户（遵循最小权限原则）
CREATE USER `u_backup`@`localhost` IDENTIFIED WITH MYSQL_NATIVE_PASSWORD BY 'Ujg8G_aUU';
GRANT SELECT, RELOAD, PROCESS, SUPER, LOCK TABLES,BACKUP_ADMIN ON *.* TO `u_backup`@`localhost`;

-- 3. 执行全量备份（使用xtrabackup工具）
cd /data/backup/xtrabackup_bak
xtrabackup --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my.cnf -uu_backup -p'Ujg8G_aUU' --backup --stream=xbstream --target-dir=./ >/data/backup/xtrabackup_bak/xtrabackup.xbstream

-- 1. 插入全备后的增量数据
use recover;
insert into test_recover values (3,3);

-- 2. 验证数据（此时表中应有3条数据）
select * from test_recover;

-- 3. 模拟误删表
drop table test_recover;

# 1. 传输备份文件到恢复实例（示例IP：192.168.184.152）
# 恢复实例操作：创建接收目录
mkdir /data/backup/recover
# 源实例操作：传输文件
scp /data/backup/xtrabackup.xbstream 192.168.184.152:/data/backup/recover

# 2. 恢复实例清空环境（仅恢复实例执行！）
/etc/init.d/mysql.server stop
rm /data/mysql/data/* -rf
rm /data/mysql/binlog/* -rf

# 3. 解压并恢复全备数据
cd /data/backup/recover
xbstream -x backup.xbstream
xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=./
xtrabackup --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my.cnf --copy-back --target-dir=./
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql
/etc/init.d/mysql.server start

# 4. 验证全备恢复结果（仅能看到基础数据1,1和2,2）
mysql -uroot -p -e "select * from recover.test_recover;"

# 1. 查看全备对应的Binlog起点（获取文件名与位点）
cat /data/backup/recover/xtrabackup_binlog_info
# 输出示例：mysql-bin.000026	196	dac2d0d1-d4cc-11f0-8896-000c295cba4b:1-3395053

# 2. 传输源实例Binlog文件到恢复实例
scp 192.168.184.151:/data/mysql/binlog/mysql-bin.000026/data/backup/binlog

# 3. 定位drop操作前的有效事务
cd /data/backup/binlog
mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000026 --start-datetime='2026-02-11 10:20:00' --stop-datetime='2026-02-11 14:40:00' --base64-output=decode-rows -v > 1.sql
cat 1.sql | grep -A 5 -B 5 "DROP TABLE"
# 找到GTID范围：dac2d0d1-d4cc-11f0-8896-000c295cba4b:3395054

# 4. 创建恢复专用用户
mysql -uroot -p 
CREATE USER `u_recover`@`localhost` IDENTIFIED WITH MYSQL_NATIVE_PASSWORD BY 'Ujg8G_aUU'; 
GRANT insert,SESSION_VARIABLES_ADMIN,REPLICATION_APPLIER ON *.* TO `u_recover`@`localhost`;"

# 5. 回放Binlog增量数据
mysqlbinlog --include-gtids='dac2d0d1-d4cc-11f0-8896-000c295cba4b:3395035-3395054' mysql-bin.000026 | mysql -uu_recover -p'Ujg8G_aUU'

# 6. 验证增量恢复（此时应有3条完整数据）
mysql -uroot -p -e "select * from recover.test_recover;"

# 1. 恢复实例导出完整表
mysqldump -uroot -p --set-gtid-purged=off --skip-add-drop-table recover test_recover > recover_test_recover.sql

# 2. 传输到源实例
scp recover_test_recover.sql 192.168.184.151:/data/backup

# 3. 源实例导入数据
mysql -uroot -p recover data/backup/recover_test_recover.sql

# 4. 最终验证
mysql -uroot -p -e "select * from recover.test_recover;"

cd /data/backup
wget https://github.com/liuhr/my2sql/blob/master/releases/centOS_release_7.x/my2sql
chmod +x my2sql
./my2sql -h  # 验证安装

-- 1. 创建测试库表与数据
create database d_recover;
use d_recover;
CREATE TABLE del_t1 (
  id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  a int NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB CHARSET=utf8mb4;
insert into del_t1 values (1,1),(2,2);

-- 2. 创建解析专用用户
CREATE USER `u_rollback`@`127.0.0.1` IDENTIFIED WITH MYSQL_NATIVE_PASSWORD BY 'IgdI8G_aUU';
GRANT SELECT, REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO `u_rollback`@`127.0.0.1`;

-- 1. 模拟delete误删
delete from d_recover.del_t1;

# 2. 复制目标Binlog文件
mkdir /data/backup/rollback
cp /data/mysql/binlog/mysql-bin.000026 /data/backup/rollback

# 3. 定位delete操作位点
cd /data/backup/rollback
mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000026 --start-datetime='2026-02-11 15:25:00' --stop-datetime='2026-02-11 15:32:00' --base64-output=decode-rows -v > operation.sql
cat operation.sql | grep -A 10 -B 10 "delete from d_recover.del_t1"
# 记录start-pos（3511）与stop-pos（3674）

# 1. 生成回滚SQL
cd /data/backup
mkdir recover_01
./my2sql -user u_rollback -password 'IgdI8G_aUU' -host 127.0.0.1 -databases d_recover -tables del_t1 -work-type rollback -start-file mysql-bin.000023 -start-pos 3511 -stop-pos 3674 -output-dir recover_01

# 2. 验证回滚SQL（应为insert语句）
cat recover_01/rollback.23.sql

# 3. 执行回滚
mysql -uroot -p <recover_01/rollback.23.sql

# 4. 验证结果
mysql -uroot -p -e "select * from d_recover.del_t1;"