PostgreSQL数据库部署linux服务器完整教程

# 检查 Docker 是否安装
sudo docker --version

# 检查 Docker 服务是否运行
sudo systemctl status docker

# 拉取测试镜像
sudo docker pull hello-world

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo vim /etc/docker/daemon.json

{
"registry-mirrors": [
"https://docker.m.daocloud.io",
"https://docker.1ms.run",
"https://docker.anyhub.us.kg"
],
"dns": ["223.5.5.5", "114.114.114.114"]
}

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

sudo systemctl restart docker

# 拉取官方 PostgreSQL 15.4 镜像
sudo docker pull postgres:15.4

# 验证镜像是否下载成功
sudo docker images postgres:15.4

# 创建存储目录
sudo mkdir -p /opt/postgresql/data
# 设置权限（必须）
sudo chown -R 999:999 /opt/postgresql/data

# 一键创建并启动容器
sudo docker run -d \
--name postgres_db \
--restart unless-stopped \
-e POSTGRES_USER=postgres \
-e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=postgres \
-e POSTGRES_DB=postgres \
-p 5432:5432 \
-v /opt/postgresql/data:/var/lib/postgresql/data \
postgres:15.4

# 查看容器是否启动成功
sudo docker ps | grep postgres_db

# 进入容器内部
sudo docker exec -it postgres_db psql -U postgres

#版本显示
SELECT version();

\l

\q

# 修改配置允许远程连接
sudo docker exec -it postgres_db bash -c "echo \"host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5\" >> /var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_hba.conf"
# 重启容器生效
sudo docker restart postgres_db

# 启动容器
sudo docker start postgres_db
# 停止容器
sudo docker stop postgres_db
# 查看容器日志
sudo docker logs -f postgres_db
# 进入容器 bash
sudo docker exec -it postgres_db bash

# 进入容器内部连接数据库
sudo docker exec -it postgres_db psql -U postgres

pip install psycopg2-binary

#text01.py
import psycopg2
try:
conn = psycopg2.connect(
host="192.168.1.128",
port="5432",
database="postgres",
user="postgres",
password="postgres"
)
print("连接成功！")
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT version();")
print("PostgreSQL 版本:", cursor.fetchone())
cursor.close()
conn.close()
except Exception as e:
print("连接失败:", e)

python test01.py