MySQL With Recursive及语法结构详解(最新推荐)

public void test(Node node){
    test(node.getChild());
}

WITH ...

WITH RECURSIVE ...

董事长
 ├── 总经理
 │    ├── 技术部
 │    └── 财务部
 └── 人事部

系统管理
 ├── 用户管理
 ├── 角色管理
 └── 权限管理

中国
 ├── 北京
 ├── 上海
 └── 广东
      ├── 深圳
      └── 广州

评论1
 ├── 回复1
 │    └── 回复2
 └── 回复3

select * from dept where parent_id=1;
select * from dept where parent_id in(...);
select * from dept where parent_id in(...);

WITH RECURSIVE

WITH RECURSIVE cte_name AS (
    -- 初始查询（锚点查询）
    SELECT ...
    UNION ALL
    -- 递归查询
    SELECT ...
    FROM table t
    JOIN cte_name c
      ON ...
)
SELECT * FROM cte_name;

WITH RECURSIVE nums AS (
    SELECT 1 AS n
    UNION ALL
    SELECT n + 1
    FROM nums
    WHERE n < 5
)
SELECT * FROM nums;

SELECT 1

1

1 + 1

2

3
4
5

1
2
3
4
5

SELECT 1

SELECT n+1
FROM nums
WHERE n<5

Anchor
UNION ALL
Recursive

WITH RECURSIVE nums AS (
    SELECT 1 AS num
    UNION ALL
    SELECT num + 1
    FROM nums
    WHERE num < 10
)
SELECT * FROM nums;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

WITH RECURSIVE dates AS (
    SELECT CURDATE() AS dt
    UNION ALL
    SELECT DATE_SUB(dt,INTERVAL 1 DAY)
    FROM dates
    WHERE dt > CURDATE()-INTERVAL 6 DAY
)
SELECT * FROM dates;

2026-06-15
2026-06-14
2026-06-13
...

CREATE TABLE dept(
    id INT PRIMARY KEY,
    dept_name VARCHAR(50),
    parent_id INT
);

1 总公司 NULL
2 技术中心 1
3 财务中心 1
4 开发部 2
5 测试部 2
6 Java组 4
7 前端组 4

总公司(1)
├── 技术中心(2)
│    ├── 开发部(4)
│    │    ├── Java组(6)
│    │    └── 前端组(7)
│    └── 测试部(5)
└── 财务中心(3)

WITH RECURSIVE dept_tree AS (
    SELECT
        id,
        dept_name,
        parent_id,
        1 level
    FROM dept
    WHERE id = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT
        d.id,
        d.dept_name,
        d.parent_id,
        dt.level + 1
    FROM dept d
    JOIN dept_tree dt
      ON d.parent_id = dt.id
)
SELECT *
FROM dept_tree;

1 总公司
2 技术中心
3 财务中心
4 开发部
5 测试部
6 Java组
7 前端组

WITH RECURSIVE dept_tree AS (
    SELECT
        id,
        dept_name,
        parent_id,
        1 level
    FROM dept
    WHERE id=1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT
        d.id,
        d.dept_name,
        d.parent_id,
        dt.level+1
    FROM dept d
    JOIN dept_tree dt
      ON d.parent_id=dt.id
)
SELECT
    id,
    dept_name,
    level
FROM dept_tree;

id  dept_name   level
1   总公司      1
2   技术中心    2
3   财务中心    2
4   开发部      3
5   测试部      3
6   Java组      4
7   前端组      4

总公司/技术中心/开发部/Java组

WITH RECURSIVE dept_tree AS (
    SELECT
        id,
        dept_name,
        parent_id,
        dept_name AS path
    FROM dept
    WHERE id=1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT
        d.id,
        d.dept_name,
        d.parent_id,
        CONCAT(dt.path,'/',d.dept_name)
    FROM dept d
    JOIN dept_tree dt
      ON d.parent_id=dt.id
)
SELECT *
FROM dept_tree;

总公司
总公司/技术中心
总公司/技术中心/开发部
总公司/技术中心/开发部/Java组

总公司(1)
└── 技术中心(2)
     └── 开发部(4)
          └── Java组(6)

WITH RECURSIVE parent_tree AS (
    SELECT
        id,
        dept_name,
        parent_id
    FROM dept
    WHERE id = 6
    UNION ALL
    SELECT
        d.id,
        d.dept_name,
        d.parent_id
    FROM dept d
    JOIN parent_tree pt
      ON d.id = pt.parent_id
)
SELECT *
FROM parent_tree;

6 Java组
4 开发部
2 技术中心
1 总公司

WITH RECURSIVE parent_tree AS (
    SELECT
        id,
        dept_name,
        parent_id,
        dept_name AS path
    FROM dept
    WHERE id=6
    UNION ALL
    SELECT
        d.id,
        d.dept_name,
        d.parent_id,
        CONCAT(d.dept_name,'/',pt.path)
    FROM dept d
    JOIN parent_tree pt
      ON d.id=pt.parent_id
)
SELECT *
FROM parent_tree
ORDER BY id;

总公司/技术中心/开发部/Java组

1 -> 2
2 -> 3
3 -> 1

1
↓
2
↓
3
↑
└───

WITH RECURSIVE dept_tree AS (
    SELECT
        id,
        parent_id,
        CAST(id AS CHAR(1000)) path
    FROM dept
    WHERE id=1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT
        d.id,
        d.parent_id,
        CONCAT(dt.path,',',d.id)
    FROM dept d
    JOIN dept_tree dt
      ON d.parent_id=dt.id
    WHERE FIND_IN_SET(d.id,dt.path)=0
)
SELECT *
FROM dept_tree;

SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%recursion%';

cte_max_recursion_depth = 1000

SET SESSION cte_max_recursion_depth = 5000;

SET GLOBAL cte_max_recursion_depth = 5000;

WITH RECURSIVE name AS(
    anchor
    UNION ALL
    recursive
)

FROM name

WHERE level < 100

UNION ALL

UNION

UNION

总公司
 └── 分公司
      └── 部门

系统管理
 ├── 用户管理
 ├── 角色管理
 └── 权限管理

评论
 └── 回复
      └── 回复

中国
 └── 广东
      └── 深圳

电子产品
 └── 手机
      └── 安卓手机

WITH

WITH t AS(
  SELECT *
  FROM user
)
SELECT * FROM t;

WITH RECURSIVE

d.parent_id = tree.id

d.id = tree.parent_id