PostgreSQL INSERT INTO 语句完整实例详解

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, ..., columnN)
VALUES (value1, value2, ..., valueN);

CREATE TABLE company(
   id INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
   name TEXT NOT NULL,
   age INT NOT NULL,
   address CHAR(50),
   salary REAL,
   join_date DATE
);

INSERT INTO company 
VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00, '2001-07-13');

INSERT INTO company (id, name, age, address, join_date)
VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', '2007-12-13');

INSERT INTO company (id, name, age, address, salary, join_date)
VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00, DEFAULT);

INSERT INTO company (id, name, age, address, salary, join_date)
VALUES 
    (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond', 65000.00, '2007-12-13'),
    (5, 'David', 27, 'Texas', 85000.00, '2007-12-13');

INSERT INTO company_backup
SELECT * FROM company WHERE age > 25;

INSERT INTO company (id, name, age)
VALUES (6, 'Lisa', 29)
RETURNING id, name;

INSERT INTO company (id, name, age)
VALUES (1, 'Paul', 33)
ON CONFLICT (id) DO UPDATE SET name = EXCLUDED.name, age = EXCLUDED.age;

-- 使用COPY命令导入
COPY company FROM '/path/to/data.csv' DELIMITER ',' CSV;

INSERT INTO company (id, name) 
VALUES (1, 'Paul') 
ON CONFLICT (id) DO NOTHING;

-- 创建测试表
CREATE TABLE employees (
    emp_id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    emp_name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    department VARCHAR(50),
    salary NUMERIC(10,2),
    hire_date DATE DEFAULT CURRENT_DATE
);
-- 单行插入
INSERT INTO employees (emp_name, department, salary)
VALUES ('张三', '技术部', 15000.00);
-- 多行插入
INSERT INTO employees (emp_name, department, salary) VALUES
('李四', '市场部', 12000.00),
('王五', '财务部', 18000.00),
('赵六', '技术部', 16000.00);
-- 带返回的插入
INSERT INTO employees (emp_name, department, salary)
VALUES ('钱七', '人事部', 14000.00)
RETURNING emp_id, emp_name;
-- 查询结果
SELECT * FROM employees;