深入解析Python中的__builtins__内建对象

>>> globals()
{'__builtins__': <module '__builtin__' (built-in)>, 
'__name__': '__main__', '__doc__': None, '__package__': None}

import __builtin__
>>> globals()
{'__builtins__': <module '__builtin__' (built-in)>, 
'__name__': '__main__', '__doc__': None, '__builtin__': 
<module '__builtin__' (built-in)>, '__package__': None}

>>> __builtin__ is __builtins__
True
>>> type(__builtin__)
<type 'module'>
>>> type(__builtins__)
<type 'module'>

# file1.py
import __builtin__

print "module name __name__ : ", __name__
print "__builtin__ is __builtins__: ", __builtin__ is __builtins__
print "type(__builtin__): ", type(__builtin__)
print "type(__builtins__): ", type(__builtins__)
print "__builtins__ is __builtin__.__dict__", __builtins__ is __builtin__.__dict__


# file2.py
import file1

"""结果：
module name __name__ : file
__builtin__ is __builtins__: False
type(__builtin__): <type 'module'>
type(__builtins__): <type 'dict'>
__builtins__ is __builtin__.__dict__ True
"""

import __builtin__

def open(path):
  f = __builtin__.open(path, 'r')
  return UpperCaser(f)

class UpperCaser:
  __metaclass__ = type

  def __init__(self, f):
    self._f = f

  def read(self):
    return self._f.read().upper()

print open('./a.txt').read()
# 将会全部转为大写输出