WPF应用程序本地化的最佳方法分享

更新时间：2023年08月15日 09:38:45 作者：黑夜中的潜行者

应用程序本地化有很多种方式，选择合适的才是最好的，这篇文章主要为大家介绍了动态资源的方式，可以在不重启应用程序的情况下进行资源的切换，需要的可以参考下

应用程序本地化有很多种方式，选择合适的才是最好的。这里只讨论一种方式，动态资源（DynamicResource）这种方式可是在不重启应用程序的情况下进行资源的切换，不论是语言切换，还是更上层的主题切换。想要运行时切换不同的资源就必须使用动态资源（DynamicResource）这种方式。

图片是可以使用资源字典进行动态 binding 的不要被误导了

资源文件

确保不同语言环境中资源 Key 是同一个，且对用的资源类型是相同的。

在资源比较多的情况下，可以通过格式化的命名方式来规避 Key 冲突。

资源文件的属性可以设置成：

生成操作：内容

复制到输出目录：如果较新则复制

上面的操作可以在不重新编译程序的情况下编辑语言资源并应用。

如果不想让别人更改语言资源则

生成操作：页

复制到输出目录：不复制

英文资源文件 en-US.xaml

<ResourceDictionary
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:sys="clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib">
    <sys:String x:Key="WindowsTitle">MainWindow</sys:String>
    <ImageSource x:Key="icon">pack://SiteOfOrigin:,,,/Icons/en-USicon.png</ImageSource>
    <sys:String x:Key="LanguageButton">LanguageButton</sys:String>
    <sys:String x:Key="LockTime-OneMinute">1 Minute</sys:String>
    <sys:String x:Key="LockTime-FiveMinute">5 Minute</sys:String>
    <sys:String x:Key="LockTime-TenMinute">10 Minute</sys:String>
    <sys:String x:Key="LockTime-FifteenMinute">15 Minute</sys:String>
    <sys:String x:Key="LockTime-ThirtyMinute">30 Minute</sys:String>
    <sys:String x:Key="LockTime-OneHour">1 Hour</sys:String>
    <sys:String x:Key="LockTime-TwoHour">2 Hour</sys:String>
    <sys:String x:Key="LockTime-ThreeHour">3 Hour</sys:String>
    <sys:String x:Key="LockTime-Never">Never</sys:String>
</ResourceDictionary>

中文资源文件 zh-CN.xaml

<ResourceDictionary
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:sys="clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib">
    <sys:String x:Key="WindowsTitle">主窗口</sys:String>
    <ImageSource x:Key="icon">pack://SiteOfOrigin:,,,/Icons/zh-CNicon.png</ImageSource>
    <sys:String x:Key="LanguageButton">语言按钮</sys:String>
    <sys:String x:Key="LockTime-OneMinute">1 分钟</sys:String>
    <sys:String x:Key="LockTime-FiveMinute">5 分钟</sys:String>
    <sys:String x:Key="LockTime-TenMinute">10 分钟</sys:String>
    <sys:String x:Key="LockTime-FifteenMinute">15 分钟</sys:String>
    <sys:String x:Key="LockTime-ThirtyMinute">30 分钟</sys:String>
    <sys:String x:Key="LockTime-OneHour">1 小时</sys:String>
    <sys:String x:Key="LockTime-TwoHour">2 小时</sys:String>
    <sys:String x:Key="LockTime-ThreeHour">3 小时</sys:String>
    <sys:String x:Key="LockTime-Never">永不</sys:String>
</ResourceDictionary>

资源使用

App.xaml

设置默认语言资源，用于在设计阶段预览，并利用 VS 智能提示资源的 Key 防止 Key编写出错。

<Application
    x:Class="Localization.Core.App"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:local="clr-namespace:Localization.Core"
    StartupUri="MainWindow.xaml">
    <Application.Resources>
        <ResourceDictionary>
            <ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
                <ResourceDictionary Source="/I18nResources/en-US.xaml" />
            </ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
        </ResourceDictionary>
    </Application.Resources>
</Application>

主界面布局

<Window
    x:Class="Localization.Core.MainWindow"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
    xmlns:local="clr-namespace:Localization.Core"
    xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
    xmlns:operate="clr-namespace:Localization.Core.Operates"
    Title="{DynamicResource WindowsTitle}"
    Width="800"
    Height="450"
    Icon="{DynamicResource icon}"
    mc:Ignorable="d">
    <Grid>
        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto" />
            <RowDefinition />
        </Grid.RowDefinitions>
        <ComboBox
            x:Name="comLan"
            Width="{Binding SizeToContent.Width}"
            Height="{Binding SizeToContent.Width}"
            HorizontalAlignment="Center"
            VerticalAlignment="Center"
            SelectedValuePath="Tag"
            SelectionChanged="ComboBox_SelectionChanged">
            <ComboBoxItem Content="中文" Tag="zh-CN" />
            <ComboBoxItem Content="English" Tag="en-US" />
        </ComboBox>
        <StackPanel Grid.Row="1">
            <Button
                Margin="0,50,0,0"
                HorizontalAlignment="Center"
                VerticalAlignment="Center"
                Content="{DynamicResource LanguageButton}" />
            <ComboBox
                x:Name="cmTime"
                Width="120"
                Margin="20"
                VerticalAlignment="Center">
                <ComboBox.ItemTemplate>
                    <DataTemplate>
                        <TextBlock Text="{operate:ResourceBinding Key}" />
                    </DataTemplate>
                </ComboBox.ItemTemplate>
            </ComboBox>
        </StackPanel>
    </Grid>
</Window>

cs代码

public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
    ObservableCollection<KeyValuePair<string, int>>? TimeList { get; set; }
    public MainWindow()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
        var lan = Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.Name;
        comLan.SelectedValue = lan;
        Loaded += MainWindow_Loaded;
    }
    private void MainWindow_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        TimeList = new ObservableCollection<KeyValuePair<string, int>>()
        {
            new KeyValuePair<string, int>("LockTime-OneMinute", 1),
            new KeyValuePair<string, int>("LockTime-FiveMinute", 5),
            new KeyValuePair<string, int>("LockTime-TenMinute", 10),
            new KeyValuePair<string, int>("LockTime-FifteenMinute", 15),
            new KeyValuePair<string, int>("LockTime-ThirtyMinute", 30),
            new KeyValuePair<string, int>("LockTime-OneHour", 60),
            new KeyValuePair<string, int>("LockTime-TwoHour", 120),
            new KeyValuePair<string, int>("LockTime-ThreeHour", 180),
            new KeyValuePair<string, int>("LockTime-Never", 0),
        };
        cmTime.ItemsSource = TimeList;
        cmTime.SelectedValue = TimeList[0];
    }
    private void ComboBox_SelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        if (e.AddedItems is null) return;
        LanguageOperate.SetLanguage((e.AddedItems[0] as ComboBoxItem)!.Tag.ToString()!);
    }
}

App.config

language 配置项用于保存用户选择的语言类型

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
    <appSettings>
        <add key="language" value=""/>
    </appSettings>
</configuration>

辅助类

语言切换操作类

检查方法入参，有值则切换到指定的资源，无值则读取配置文件中的值，若配置文件中仍无值，则获取当前线程运行的语言环境，切换到与语言环境相匹配的资源，如果没有找到与之匹配的资源则不做操作。

切换资源之后，将配置文件中的 language 的 value 改为当前所选的语言保存并刷新配置文件，直到下次更改。

重写 Application 类的 OnStartup 方法，在 OnStartup 中调用 SetLanguage 方法以实现应用程序启动对语言环境的判别。

/// <summary>
/// 语言操作
/// </summary>
public class LanguageOperate
{
    private const string KEY_OF_LANGUAGE = "language";
    /// <summary>
    /// 语言本地化
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="language">语言环境</param>
    public static void SetLanguage(string language = "")
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(language))
        {
            language = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[KEY_OF_LANGUAGE]!;
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(language))
                language = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.CurrentCulture.ToString();
        }
        string languagePath = $@"I18nResources\{language}.xaml";
        if (!System.IO.File.Exists(languagePath)) return;
        var lanRd = Application.LoadComponent(new Uri(languagePath, UriKind.RelativeOrAbsolute)) as ResourceDictionary;
        var old = Application.Current.Resources.MergedDictionaries.FirstOrDefault(o => o.Contains("WindowsTitle"));
        if (old != null)
            Application.Current.Resources.MergedDictionaries.Remove(old);
        Application.Current.Resources.MergedDictionaries.Add(lanRd);
        Configuration configuration = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
        configuration.AppSettings.Settings[KEY_OF_LANGUAGE].Value = language;
        configuration.Save();
        ConfigurationManager.RefreshSection("AppSettings");
        var culture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo(language);
        System.Globalization.CultureInfo.CurrentCulture = culture;
        System.Globalization.CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture = culture;
    }
}

资源 binding 解析类

ComBox 控件通常是通过 ItemSource 进行绑定，默认情况下是无法对绑定的资源进行翻译的。

通过继承 MarkupExtension 类重写 ProvideValue 方法来实现，item 绑定资源的 Key 的解析。

/// <summary>
/// markup extension to allow binding to resourceKey in general case
/// </summary>
public class ResourceBinding : MarkupExtension
{
    #region properties
    private static DependencyObject resourceBindingKey;
    public static DependencyObject ResourceBindingKey
    {
        get => resourceBindingKey;
        set => resourceBindingKey = value;
    }
    // Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for ResourceBindingKeyHelper.  This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...
    public static readonly DependencyProperty ResourceBindingKeyHelperProperty =
        DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(nameof(ResourceBindingKey),
            typeof(object),
            typeof(ResourceBinding),
            new PropertyMetadata(null, ResourceKeyChanged));
    static void ResourceKeyChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        if (!(d is FrameworkElement target) || !(e.NewValue is Tuple<object, DependencyProperty> newVal)) return;
        var dp = newVal.Item2;
        if (newVal.Item1 == null)
        {
            target.SetValue(dp, dp.GetMetadata(target).DefaultValue);
            return;
        }
        target.SetResourceReference(dp, newVal.Item1);
    }
    #endregion
    public ResourceBinding() { }
    public ResourceBinding(string path) => Path = new PropertyPath(path);
    public override object ProvideValue(IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
    {
        if ((IProvideValueTarget)serviceProvider.GetService(typeof(IProvideValueTarget)) == null) return null;
        if (((IProvideValueTarget)serviceProvider.GetService(typeof(IProvideValueTarget))).TargetObject != null && ((IProvideValueTarget)serviceProvider.GetService(typeof(IProvideValueTarget))).TargetObject.GetType().FullName is "System.Windows.SharedDp") return this;
        if (!(((IProvideValueTarget)serviceProvider.GetService(typeof(IProvideValueTarget))).TargetObject is FrameworkElement targetObject) || !(((IProvideValueTarget)serviceProvider.GetService(typeof(IProvideValueTarget))).TargetProperty is DependencyProperty targetProperty)) return null;
        #region binding
        Binding binding = new Binding
        {
            Path = Path,
            XPath = XPath,
            Mode = Mode,
            UpdateSourceTrigger = UpdateSourceTrigger,
            Converter = Converter,
            ConverterParameter = ConverterParameter,
            ConverterCulture = ConverterCulture,
            FallbackValue = FallbackValue
        };
        if (RelativeSource != null)
            binding.RelativeSource = RelativeSource;
        if (ElementName != null)
            binding.ElementName = ElementName;
        if (Source != null)
            binding.Source = Source;
        #endregion
        var multiBinding = new MultiBinding
        {
            Converter = HelperConverter.Current,
            ConverterParameter = targetProperty
        };
        multiBinding.Bindings.Add(binding);
        multiBinding.NotifyOnSourceUpdated = true;
        targetObject.SetBinding(ResourceBindingKeyHelperProperty, multiBinding);
        return null;
    }
    #region Binding Members
    /// <summary>
    /// The source path (for CLR bindings).
    /// </summary>
    public object Source { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// The source path (for CLR bindings).
    /// </summary>
    public PropertyPath Path { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// The XPath path (for XML bindings).
    /// </summary>
    [DefaultValue(null)]
    public string XPath { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// Binding mode
    /// </summary>
    [DefaultValue(BindingMode.Default)]
    public BindingMode Mode { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// Update type
    /// </summary>
    [DefaultValue(UpdateSourceTrigger.Default)]
    public UpdateSourceTrigger UpdateSourceTrigger { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// The Converter to apply
    /// </summary>
    [DefaultValue(null)]
    public IValueConverter Converter { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// The parameter to pass to converter.
    /// </summary>
    /// <value></value>
    [DefaultValue(null)]
    public object ConverterParameter { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// Culture in which to evaluate the converter
    /// </summary>
    [DefaultValue(null)]
    [TypeConverter(typeof(System.Windows.CultureInfoIetfLanguageTagConverter))]
    public CultureInfo ConverterCulture { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// Description of the object to use as the source, relative to the target element.
    /// </summary>
    [DefaultValue(null)]
    public RelativeSource RelativeSource { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// Name of the element to use as the source
    /// </summary>
    [DefaultValue(null)]
    public string ElementName { get; set; }
    #endregion
    #region BindingBase Members
    /// <summary>
    /// Value to use when source cannot provide a value
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// Initialized to DependencyProperty.UnsetValue; if FallbackValue is not set, BindingExpression
    /// will return target property's default when Binding cannot get a real value.
    /// </remarks>
    public object FallbackValue { get; set; }
    #endregion
    #region Nested types
    private class HelperConverter : IMultiValueConverter
    {
        public static readonly HelperConverter Current = new HelperConverter();
        public object Convert(object[] values, Type targetType, object parameter, CultureInfo culture)
        {
            return Tuple.Create(values[0], (DependencyProperty)parameter);
        }
        public object[] ConvertBack(object value, Type[] targetTypes, object parameter, CultureInfo culture)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }
    }
    #endregion
}

实现效果

到此这篇关于WPF应用程序本地化的最佳方法分享的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关WPF本地化内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家！

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