Python中xmltodict模块对XML的用法详解

>>> import xmltodict
>>> xml_str = """
... <xml>
... <ToUserName><![CDATA[gh_866835093fea]]></ToUserName>
... <FromUserName><![CDATA[ogdotwSc_MmEEsJs9-ABZ1QL_4r4]]></FromUserName>
... <CreateTime>1478317060</CreateTime>
... <MsgType><![CDATA[text]]></MsgType>
... <Content><![CDATA[你好]]></Content>
... <MsgId>6349323426230210995</MsgId>
... </xml>
... """
>>>
>>> xml_dict = xmltodict.parse(xml_str)
>>> type(xml_dict)
<class 'collections.OrderedDict'>  # 类字典型，可以按照字典方法操作
>>>
>>> xml_dict
OrderedDict([(u'xml', OrderedDict([(u'ToUserName', u'gh_866835093fea'), (u'FromUserName', u'ogdotwSc_MmEEsJs9-ABZ1QL_4r4'), (u'CreateTime', u'1478317060'), (u'MsgType', u'text'), (u'Content', u'\u4f60\u597d'), (u'MsgId', u'6349323426230210995')]))])
>>>
>>> xml_dict['xml']
OrderedDict([(u'ToUserName', u'gh_866835093fea'), (u'FromUserName', u'ogdotwSc_MmEEsJs9-ABZ1QL_4r4'), (u'CreateTime', u'1478317060'), (u'MsgType', u'text'), (u'Content', u'\u4f60\u597d'), (u'MsgId', u'6349323426230210995')])
>>>
>>> for key, val in xml_dict['xml'].items():
...     print key, "=", val
... 
ToUserName = gh_866835093fea
FromUserName = ogdotwSc_MmEEsJs9-ABZ1QL_4r4
CreateTime = 1478317060
MsgType = text
Content = 你好
MsgId = 6349323426230210995
>>>

xml_dict = {
    "xml": {
        "ToUserName" : "gh_866835093fea",
        "FromUserName" : "ogdotwSc_MmEEsJs9-ABZ1QL_4r4",
        "CreateTime" : "1478317060",
        "MsgType" : "text",
        "Content" : u"你好",
        "MsgId" : "6349323426230210995",
    }
}
>>> xml_str = xmltodict.unparse(xml_dict)
>>> print xml_str
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xml><FromUserName>ogdotwSc_MmEEsJs9-ABZ1QL_4r4</FromUserName><MsgId>6349323426230210995</MsgId><ToUserName>gh_866835093fea</ToUserName><Content>你好</Content><MsgType>text</MsgType><CreateTime>1478317060</CreateTime></xml>
>>>
>>> xml_str = xmltodict.unparse(xml_dict, pretty=True) # pretty表示友好输出
>>> print xml_str
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xml>
    <FromUserName>ogdotwSc_MmEEsJs9-ABZ1QL_4r4</FromUserName>
    <MsgId>6349323426230210995</MsgId>
    <ToUserName>gh_866835093fea</ToUserName>
    <Content>你好</Content>
    <MsgType>text</MsgType>
    <CreateTime>1478317060</CreateTime>
</xml>
>>>

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<mydocument has="an attribute">
    <and>
        <many>elements</many>
        <many>more elements</many>
    </and>
    <plus a="complex">
        element as well
    </plus>
</mydocument>

pip install xmltodict

 import xmltodict
with open("test.xml") as fd:          # 将XML文件装载到dict里面
    doc = xmltodict.parse(fd.read())
    print(doc["mydocument"]["@has"])  # an attribute
    print(doc["mydocument"]["and"])   # OrderedDict([(u'many', [u'elements', u'more elements'])])
    print(doc["mydocument"]["and"]["many"])   # [u'elements', u'more elements']
    print(doc["mydocument"]["plus"]["@a"])    # complex
    print(doc["mydocument"]["plus"]["#text"]) # element as well