Python flask框架请求体数据、文件上传、请求头信息获取方式详解

@app.route("/form", methods=["get","post"])
def form():
    """
    获取客户端请求的请求体[表单]
    # :return:
    """
    """
    获取表单数据
    请求url：
    """
    """获取表单数据[不包含上传文件]"""
    print(request.form)
    # # ImmutableMultiDict([('username', 'root'), ('password', '123456'), ('fav', 'swimming'), ('fav', 'watch TV')])
    # # 获取表单项数据[单个值]
    print(request.form.get("username")) # root
    print(request.form.get('pwd'))
    # # 获取表单项数据[多个值]
    print(request.form.getlist("fav"))  # ['swimming', 'watch TV']
    return "hello, jingtian flask"

@app.route("/form", methods=["get","post"])
def form():
    """
    获取客户端请求的请求体[表单]
    # :return:
    """
    """
    获取表单数据
    请求url：
    """
    """获取表单数据的上传文件"""
    print(request.form.get("username"))
    # # 获取所有上传文件
    # print(request.files)  # ImmutableMultiDict([('avatar', <FileStorage: 's.png' ('image/png')>)])
    # # 根据name值获取单个上传文件
    print(request.files.get("avatar"))  # <FileStorage: 's.png' ('image/png')>
    # # 根据name值获取多个上传文件
    print(request.files.getlist("avatar"))  # [<FileStorage: 'a.png' ('image/png')>, <FileStorage: 's.png' ('image/png')>]
    return "hello, jingtian flask"

@app.route("/data", methods=["post"])
def data():
    """
    获取客户端请求的请求体[ajax]
    :return:
    """
    """判断本次客户端是否是ajax请求获取本次客户端提交的数据格式是否是json"""
    print(request.is_json)
    """获取客户端请求体中的json数据,要确保发送的是json数据才能获取到"""
    print(request.json)  # {'username': 'jingtian', 'password': '123456'}
    """获取客户端请求体的原始数据，得到的是byte类型数据"""
    print(request.data)  # b'{\r\n  "username": "root",\r\n  "password": "123456"\r\n}'
    # 原始数据转json格式，通过json.loads()
    print(json.loads(request.data))  # {'username': 'root', 'password': '123456'}
    """接收其他格式类型的数据"""
    print(request.data)
    return "hello, flask"

"""接收其他格式类型的数据，使用request.data"""
print(request.data)

#上传文件的保存
@app.route("/file", methods=["post", "put", "patch"])
def file():
    """
    接收上传文件并保存文件
    :return:
    """
    #得到的是FileStorage对象
    avatar = request.files.get("avatar")
    print(avatar)
    # 调用FileStorage提供的save方法就可以保存文件了,dst指定保存文件路径
    avatar.save(dst="./jingtian.png")
    return "hello, flask"

request.headers

request.headers.get("User-Agent")

request.user_agent

request.accept_mimetypes

request.host

request.content_type

request.path

request.url

request.root_url

request.method

request.remote_addr

request.server

request.environ

{'wsgi.version': (1, 0), 'wsgi.url_scheme': 'http', 'wsgi.input': <_io.BufferedReader name=416>, 'wsgi.errors': <_io.TextIOWrapper name='<stderr>' mode='w' encoding='utf-8'>, 'wsgi.multithread': True, 'wsgi.multiprocess': False, 'wsgi.run_once': False, 'werkzeug.socket': <socket.socket fd=416, family=2, type=1, proto=0, laddr=('127.0.0.1', 5000), raddr=('127.0.0.1', 12712)>, 'SERVER_SOFTWARE': 'Werkzeug/3.0.1', 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'POST', 'SCRIPT_NAME': '', 'PATH_INFO': '/header', 'QUERY_STRING': '', 'REQUEST_URI': '/header', 'RAW_URI': '/header', 'REMOTE_ADDR': '127.0.0.1', 'REMOTE_PORT': 12712, 'SERVER_NAME': '0.0.0.0', 'SERVER_PORT': '5000', 'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.1', 'HTTP_USER_AGENT': 'PostmanRuntime/7.37.0', 'HTTP_ACCEPT': '*/*', 'HTTP_POSTMAN_TOKEN': '3571e769-9ecf-44c1-bad0-5487c684f9eb', 'HTTP_HOST': '127.0.0.1:5000', 'HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING': 'gzip, deflate, br', 'HTTP_CONNECTION': 'keep-alive', 'CONTENT_TYPE': 'multipart/form-data; boundary=--------------------------480267896765648122071509', 'CONTENT_LENGTH': '10720', 'werkzeug.request': <Request 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/header' [POST]>, 'werkzeug.debug.preserve_context': <built-in method append of list object at 0x00000202732AD900>}

request.headers.get("company")

import json
from flask import Flask, request
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route("/header", methods=["get", "post", "put", "patch","delete"])
def header():
    """
    获取请求头等其他请求信息
    :return:
    """
    # # 获取请求头所有信息
    # print(request.headers, type(request.headers))
    #
    # """
    # 获取单个请求头信息
    # """
    # # 基于get使用请求头原始属性名获取， User-Agent 客户端的网络代理工具名称
    # print(request.headers.get("User-Agent"))  # PostmanRuntime/7.26.10
    # # 把原始属性名转换成小写下划线格式来获取
    # print(request.user_agent)   # PostmanRuntime/7.26.10
    #
    # # 获取本次客户端请求的服务端地址
    # print(request.host)  # 127.0.0.1:5000
    #
    # # 获取本次客户端请求提交的数据格式
    # print(request.content_type)  # multipart/form-data;
    #
    # # 获取本次客户端请求的uri路径
    # print(request.path)  # /header
    # # 获取本次客户端请求完整url地址
    # print(request.url)   # http://127.0.0.1:5000/header
    # # 获取本次客户端请求的服务端域名
    # print(request.root_url)  # http://127.0.0.1:5000/
    #
    # # 获取本次客户端的Http请求方法或请求动作
    # print(request.method)  # POST
    #
    # # 获取本次客户端的IP地址
    # print(request.remote_addr)  # 127.0.0.1
    #
    # # 获取本次客户端获取到的服务端信息
    # print(request.server)  # ('0.0.0.0', 5000)
    # 获取本次客户端请求时，服务端的系统系统环境变量信息
    # print(request.environ)
    """
    获取自定义请求头
    """
    print(request.headers.get("company"))  # flask.edu
    return "hello, flask"
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=5000, debug=True)